Studie von: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung – Technische Universität Graz
We analyse the (techno- and macro-)economic and distributive effects of a transformation to a renewable electricity system
in Austria by 2030, as stipulated by the Austrian government. For the analysis, the macroeconomic model DYNK and ATLANTIS,
a partial model of the electricity market, were expanded and linked. Four transformation scenarios conforming with the 100
percent renewable electricity target in Austria on a national balance are examined, integrated into a consistent scenario
for the development of the European electricity system. Additionally, sensitivity analyses with respect to the gas price are
performed. Although all scenarios achieve 100 percent renewable electricity on a national balance, the analysis shows that
electricity from gas-fired power plants will still be needed in 2030 to balance variable renewable generation, to avoid grid
congestion, and for heat generation from combined heat and power plants in winter months. Another main conclusion from the
simulations is that the transition towards a renewable electricity sector is almost neutral from a socio-economic perspective.
It does neither reveal harmful impacts nor lead to high multiplier effects from additional investment. With high natural gas
prices in the sensitivity scenarios a decrease in GDP and household income, which might motivate redistributive policies,
can be observed.
in: Sustainability and Innovations Supporting it. Perspectives, Opportunities and Concept for Sustainable Bakeries
Buchbeiträge, Food2Multimedia GmbH, Radbruch, Oktober 2023, S.9-15
Abrupt changes are already showing a dramatic impact on the food supply chain. Food businesses will need to become sustainable
to be resilient and thrive against a backdrop of complex disruptions. A clear goal is key.
Die österreichischen Bundesländer haben umfangreiche Kompetenzen in für die grüne Transformation wesentlichen Bereichen, es
gibt aber in Hinblick auf den energetischen Endverbrauch auch beträchtliche bundesländerspezifische Unterschiede. Für die
Wahrnehmung der gesamtstaatlichen Aufgabe Klimaschutz ist die Beteiligung aller gebietskörperschaftlichen Ebenen in einem
kohärenten Politikrahmen erforderlich. Der Finanzausgleich wird als Hebel zur Implementierung der österreichischen Klimaziele
bislang nur wenig genutzt. Die Studie stellt Überlegungen konzeptionell-theoretischer Natur an, um die Basis für eine Entwicklung
konkreter Maßnahmen und Instrumente für eine stärkere Ökologisierung des Finanzausgleichs zu schaffen. Abschließend werden
grob kurz- und mittelfristig umsetzbare Optionen für die Ökologisierung des österreichischen Finanzausgleichs skizziert.
For the project "Social Aspects of Market-Based Instruments for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions – SoMBI" Austria and Poland
were chosen as case study countries to compare the impacts of an EU-wide carbon price combined with different revenue recycling
policies. The detailed analysis will focus on the macroeconomic and greenhouse gas emission effects of the introduction of
the carbon pricing and revenue recycling schemes as well as the distributional effects of such price mechanisms for different
household types. The two countries were chosen as they differ considerably in terms of their energy systems and economic conditions.
Further differences regard the level of ambition of the respective domestic climate policies as well as the priorities set
in energy policies. The aim of this paper is to provide indications of the sectors that are emission-intensive and/or labour-intensive
and are likely to gain or lose from the chosen revenue recycling mechanisms. Moreover, the findings will provide background
information for the interpretation of modelling results for the various carbon pricing and recycling options.
Studie von: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung – Universität für Bodenkultur Wien – Technische Universität Wien – e-think energy research GmbH
This research brief provides an overview of the characteristics of households potentially at risk of double energy vulnerability.
First, we ask what determines low-income households that are particularly affected by pricing CO2 emissions. Based
on this, we identify characteristics that are considered relevant for mapping households' vulnerability to rising carbon prices
and look for suitable indicators that can quantify these categories. From the sum of identified characteristics, we identify
vulnerable households and present preliminary results on how many households in Austria are potentially significantly affected
by rising fuel and carbon prices.
in: Konferenzbeitrag "41st Annual International Energy Workshop"
Buchbeiträge, Februar 2023
A concerted worldwide effort to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement brings about a substantial increase in raw material
demand for the production and deployment of clean energy technologies. Yet, raw materials required for the energy transition
show high emissions intensities in mining and production. Producing secondary resources, in particular metals and critical
raw materials (CRMs) like rare earth metals, from recycling End-of-Life (EoL) waste streams of PV panels, e-vehicles, and
wind turbines (PEW) involves substantially less energy input than converting it from ore. With this background the aim of
our project was 1) to quantify the potential of EoL waste streams of PEW, including the CRMs for recycling, 2) to project
the future secondary resource potential assuming a decarbonising scenario of the Austrian economy, and 3) to assess the economic
impacts from potential recycling loops using the macroeconomic model WIFO.DYNK. Results show that from an investor's point
of view, recycling plants appear not profitable under the selected price assumptions. Introducing a minimum "gate-fee" for
EoL waste streams can yet ensure the profitability and investments for recycling plants. From a macroeconomic perspective,
recycling of EoL PEW devices generates value-added, employment as well as dividends in climate mitigation and resource or
energy security.
In this paper, we present a novel approach of linking the technical model of the continental European electricity system ATLANTIS
with the macroeconomic model DYNK to provide comprehensive integrated power and socio-economic analyses. We thoroughly describe
both models and explain the work that has been done to interlink the models. Further, we take Austria's generation expansion
plans to transform the electricity sector to 100 percent renewable energy sources (national balance) by 2030 and analyse the
effects of different CO2 prices on the electricity demand that couples the two models via a feedback loop. As the
electricity price and demand are interlaced and influence each other, the linked models are solved iteratively until convergence,
i.e., until the change of the electricity demand from the DYNK model does not affect the electricity price in the ATLANTIS
model anymore. The results show that coupling a technical and macroeconomic model is possible and convergence is achieved
after just a few iterations.